Generator and motor



Paient'ed Mar. 30,1880.

J. E. GULVER.

Generator and. Motor.

NFETERS. FHOTD-LITHOGRAPHER. W\SHINGTDN D C UNITE STATES JOSEPH E.CULVER, OF JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY.

GENERATOR AND MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 226,040, dated March30, 1880. Application filed June 5, 1879.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH E. OULVER, M. D., of Jersey City, in thecounty of Hudson and State of New Jersey, have invented a new andImproved Generator and Motor, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to utilize for motive power all the forcedeveloped from the combustion of fuel, not only all that caloric whichcan be transferred into steam in the boiler, but also all that usuallyescapes with the heated and expanded gases or products of combustionthrough the chimney.

My invention consists in a furnace, boiler, and atmospheric enginecombined, and operated as hereinafter set forth.

The furnace may consist of any ordinary fuel-burning apparatus with oneor more draftflues, as preferred, and arranged as desired but I preferto place the furnace within the boiler and surrounded by the water forbetter economy of heat, the fines also being partly submerged in andextending through the waterin the boiler and discharging into thesteamspace.

The boiler may be of any desired size, shape, or pattern, andconstructed of any suitable material having sufficient strength and capacity to contain the requisite quantity of water, together with thefurnace-fines and the mingled steam and products of combustion, which inthis motor exert no pressure above that of the atmosphere.-

The engine consists of a cylinder, a steaminlet pipe connecting thesteam-space of the boiler with the cylinder at or near the head, andfurnished with a cut-off which shall open as the piston begins to riseand close just be fore completion of the upstroke, and also anexhaust-pipe and attached pump to withdraw from the cylinder the waterand gases after every condensation, and also an injector ofcold waterinto the cylinder to effect the condensation, and thereby cause thereturn stroke of the piston.

There may be one cylinder only or two conjoined, or a greater number,acting either separately or conjoint-1y, attached to and supplied fromthe same boiler, as may be desired, provided the capacity of thecylinder or the joint capacity of all employed be great enough toutilize or condense economically the mixed steam and gases as rapidly asthey are evolved in the boiler; but any known modification of acondensing or low-pressure engine can be adapted to the use of suchmixture of gases and steam as herein described.

My invention is illustrated in the accompan yin g drawings, whereinFigure 1 is a vertical section, and Fig. 2 a horizontal section, of agenerator'and motor adapted for carrying out the invention.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

Ais the generator, constructed of light boileriron, in a circular form,and containing within it at one side a cylindrical fire-box, B. Thefire-box B opens through the top of the gen erator, and the opening isprovided with a cover, a, of any desired character, that can be closedtightly, which cover is only to be removed when fuel is supplied.

The fire-box is provided with a grate, I), below which is the ash-pit,that is provided with an opening, 0, through the front of the generatorand a door in the opening to regulate the draft.

Within the main shell of the generator is fitted a coil or fine, (I, ofpipes, that extend throughout the water-space, with one end connected tothe discharge'opeuing e of the firebox and the other end opening withinthe shell above the water-line.

Upon the top of the shell A a vertical pipe, f, is connected, which pipeis fitted with a cook or valve, g, that may be opened to permit theescape of the products of combustion or closed to retain them with thesteam in the generator.

The operation of these parts is as follows: The generator is to befilled with water up to the dotted line, and a fire kindled on the grateb, with the valve 9 of pipe f open to allow of draft. When the fire iswell under way and the water heated, or even before the water is heated,the valve g is to be closed, and thereafter the products of combustiondischarge into the steanrspaee, out of which they are taken to theengine-cylinders by pipes arranged in any desired manner. The working ofthe engine by emptying the steam-space continually creates and regulatesthe draft,

causing at all times just the requisite influx of atmospheric air to thefire. As soon as steam is generated it rises and mingles with theproducts of combustion and passes with them to the engine-cylinders.

I have shown cylinders O O with pistonrods connected to a beam, h, toobtain alternate movement of the pistons, and with pipes passing fromthe generator to each cylinder beneath the piston-heads. There are to besuitable valves and connections for cutting off the supply-pipes at theproper times, and the cylinders are to be provided with water-jackets,or fitted so that a jet of water can be injected for condensing thevapors and gases in the cylinders. One piston being raised and the otherdown, the gases and vapors from the generator enter the cylinder beneaththe raised piston-head until the cut-oil is operated, when the exhaustof that cylinder is opened and a jet of water injected to condense thevapors and cause the descent of the piston by atmospheric pressure. Thismovement raises the other piston,and the operation is repeated in theother cylinder. This action will keep up the draft of the fire.

I do not limit myself to any special arrangement of the cylinders,cut-offland condensing apparatus.

I am aware that engines have been driven by heated air injected into thecylinder and then condensed; also, that the products of combustion fromboiler-furnaces have been discharged into the boiler, and the draftmaintained by a pressure-blower.

I use the steam and products of combustion in an expanded state underordinary atmospheric pressure, which mixture may be readily and rapidlycondensed, and will not burn out the cylinders and packings.

The pressure within the steam-space will never exceed the externalpressure. of the at mosphere. There is'always open communication to theouter air by the flues and fire-box, and as the steam-space is exhaustedby the cylinders the requisite quantity of fresh air is drawn throughthe fire to supply the deficiency and maintain the equilibrium.

' The water in the cylinders after injection acts to lubricate thecylinders.

To prevent waste of heat and loss of power by radiation, convection,&c., the pipes conveying the heated gases and steam should be jacketedwith suitable non-conducting material, as should also the entire surfaceof the boiler.

Having thus described myinven tion, I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent 1. The generator A, fitted with the interior firebox,B, and serpentine Hue (I, said 'flue being connected to the fire-box anddischarging within the steam-space of the generator under atmosphericpressure, out of which, through suitable steam-pipes, the cylinders G Gare supplied, when all are arranged substantially as and for the purposespecified.

2. As an improved motive-power apparatus, a generator of steam whereinthe products of combustion are discharged into the steamspace, and withthe steam held in an expanded state at atmospheric pressure, combinedwith cylinders, pistons, and condensing apparatus, whereby the expandedgases are utilized, substantially as described and shown.

JOSEPH E. OULVER.

Witnesses G. SEDGW'IOK, GEO. D. WALKER.

